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R & vanR Chapter 8 Quiz

Page 1 Questions

Please answer each of the following questions to help you self-assess your understanding of "Chapter 8: Making Sense of the Numbers" (Remler & Van Ryzin, 2010)
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2. Please Match the Term to Its Definition *This question is required.
Space Cell Share of a population with a particular condition or disease, which is expressed relative to some base size population.How rapidly a variable changes.For an outcome that has only two possibilities, the ratio of one outcome (e.g., success) to the other possible outcome (e.g., failure).Change relative to the starting base, expressed as percentage.The precise meaning of the numbers in quantitative variables - how many of what the numbers refer to. Also referred to as units of measurement.Share of a population with a particular characteristic, which is expressed relative to some base size population.The change of a variable measured in its own units when it is a percentage. Contrasted with percent change.
Rate
Rate of Change
Percent Change
Percentage Point Change
Units
Odds *This question is required
Risk
3. Please Match the Term to Its Definition *This question is required.
Space Cell The number or share of the population that has a particular disease or condition.A graph for displaying categorical data with bars representing each category.A graph showing percentages among categories, shown as segments of a circle.A graph showing the distribution of a quantitative variable.The distribution of a categorical variable showing the count or percentage in each category.The rate at which new cases of a disease or condition appear in a population.
Incidence
Pie Chart
Frequency Distribution
Bar Chart
Prevalence
Histogram
4. Please Match the Term to Its Definition *This question is required.
Space Cell Extreme scores or observations that stand out in a distribution.Characteristic of a distribution that is not symmetrical and has one tail longer than the other.Average of a quantitative variable - the sum of all observations divided by the number of observations.The value at the point that splits the distribution into two halves, the 50th percentile in the distribution of a quantitative variable.Common measure of variability of a quantitative variable.A measure of spread of a quantitative variable, the square of the standard deviation.
Median
Skewness
Standard Deviation
Outliers
Mean
Variance *This question is required
5. Please Match the Term to Its Definition *This question is required.
Space Cell A variable converted to standard deviation units and shifted to mean zero. Also known as a z score.Points taken at regular intervals (such as every quarter or tenth) in a distribution.Ratio of the odds of an outcome for one group to the odds of the outcome for another group.Ratio of the risk of two groups.A measure of spread equal to the standard deviation divided by the mean.Method to describe the relationship between two categorical variables.
Standardized Score (or z Score)
Quantile
Coefficient of Variation (COV) *This question is required
Cross-Tabulation
Relative Risk
Odds Ratio (OR)
6. Please Match the Term to Its Definition *This question is required.
Space Cell The expected standard deviation change in one variable if the other variable changes by 1 standard deviation. It is the most common measure of correlation. Also referred to as the correlation coefficient.The expected standard deviation change in one variable if the other variable changes by 1 standard deviation. Also known as Pearson r or simply r.A measure of the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables.The number that multiplies a given independent variable in a regression. Also known as the slope.A best-fit straight line for describing how one quantitative variable - the independent variable - predicts another quantitative variable - the dependent variable.A graph illustrating the values two quantitative variables take on in data.
Scatterplot
Correlation
Pearson r *This question is required
Correlation Coefficient
Simple Regression
Coefficient of the Independent Variable (in Regression)
7. Please Match the Term to Its Definition *This question is required.
Space Cell In a regression, the proportion of the variation in the dependent variable predicted by variation in the independent variables.The characteristic or feature of a population that a research is trying to estimate.The extent to which an effect or relationship's magnitude (if true) would be important or relevant in the real world.A standardized way of measuring the effect of a treatment, usually the ratio of the effect or difference to the standard deviation.The error in a regression - the difference between the actual value of the dependent variable and the predicted value.The predicted value of the dependent variable when the independent variables are zero in a regression. Also known as the intercept.
Constant (in Regression)
R-Squared
Residual *This question is required
Effect Size
Practical Significance
Parameter
8. Please Match the Term to Its Definition *This question is required.
Space Cell The extent to which a difference or a relationship exists, judged against the likelihood that it would happen just by chance alone.The area - usually 95% - of the sampling distribution that is the basis for a confidence interval.The precision of the estimate - how good a job we expect it to do, on average.Formal procedure that uses facts about the sampling distribution of statistics from a sample to infer the unknown parameters of a population.A range of values in which we have a defined level of confidence (e.g. 95%) that the true value of the statistic being estimated lies.A test to see if a result is unlikely due to chance. Used to test whether groups are really different.
Statistical Inference
Standard Error
Confidence Interval *This question is required
Level of Confidence
Significance Test (or Hypothesis Test)
Statistical Significance
9. Please Match the Term to Its Definition *This question is required.
Space Cell Statistical test most commonly employed to see if two categorical variables are related.A negation of the null hypothesis; usually the hypothesis researchers would like to test but cannot do so directly.In hypothesis testing, the hypothesis that is directly tested, typically resulting in no difference or no effect.The standard against which the p value is compared to determine statistical significance: If the p value is less than the significance level, the result is deemed statistically significant.The probability of observing our sample estimate (or one more extreme) if the null hypothesis about the population is true.A statistic used for significance testing (or hypothesis testing), calculated using data.
Null Hypothesis
Alternative Hypothesis
Test Statistic *This question is required
p Value
Significance Level
Chi-Square Test
10. Copy of Please Match the Term to Its Definition *This question is required.
Space Cell Correction applied to a single statistical significance measure, when it is one of many statistical tests, because one of the many tests could be significant by chance.The acceptance of a false null hypothesis.The smallest effect that would still have statistical significance in a study with a particular sample size and design, often chosen to perform sample size calculations.In statistics, the ability to recognize that the null hypothesis is false.The rejection of a true null hypothesis.A calculation done before a study or survey to determine the sample size needed to get a certain level of precision or to be able to detect certain differences.
Type I Error
Type II Error
Power *This question is required
Minimal Detectable Effect
Multiple Comparison Correction
Sample Size Calculation
11. Which would you NOT use to show how many people live in each of four different regions of the United States (Midwest, North, South, West)? *This question is required.
12. In a small rural hamlet, everyone has a high school diploma, but one resident has a master’s degree. How would you refer to this one case? *This question is required.
13. Which of the following would you use to show the relationship between age (in years) and income (in dollars)? *This question is required.
14. Which is not used with quantitative or continuous variables? *This question is required.
15. The null hypothesis is rejected when *This question is required.
16. A study concluded that musical ability is not associated with analytical ability when in fact there is a relationship. This mistake is called *This question is required.
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